Mentally Ill in Jail essays

Intellectually Ill in Jail articles The articles educate that more intellectually sick individuals are in prison than in medical clinics. As indicated by measurements 159,000 of intellectually sick are by and by detained in correctional facilities and penitentiaries, for the most part of wrongdoings submitted in light of the fact that they were not being dealt with. Some of them become brutal and may threaten their families and neighborhoods. Shockingly, the majority of those occasions of detainment are superfluous. We comprehend what to do, yet for financial, legitimate and ideological reasons, we neglect to do it. The deinstitutionalisation of the seriously intellectually sick in the 60ties qualifies an as one of the biggest social analyses in American history. In 1995, there were 558,239 seriously intellectually sick patients in the countries open mental emergency clinics. In 1995, the number has been decreased to 71,619. The deinstitutionalization made a psychological maladjustment emergency by releasing individuals from clinics without guaranteeing that they get prescription and restoration benefits in the network. Subsequently, 2.2million seriously intellectually sick don't get any mental treatment. Mental patients were discharged from mental clinic in the conviction that allowing them to live in a more liberated condition was progressively sympathetic and would improve their prosperity. Rather, they turned up in detainment facilities where they are for all intents and purposes without nobility and need sufficient treatment and comprehension. In addition, regardless of whether they take prescriptions and might show signs of improvement in prison, there is no assurance that they will proceed with the treatment after they are discharged into the networks. Thus the endless loop goes on. The answer for the issue is to give adequate subsidizing to the network based psychological well-being framework so individuals would benefit from outside intervention before they become some portion of the jail framework. Administrations like medicine treatment and checking, private administrations, restoration administrations and bolster administrations are fruitful in bringing the seriously intellectually sick back ... <!

Body image by Hye Young Byun Essay

Some deny it, some may not appear, yet we as a whole realize that each lady is unsure about her body and need to fix it. How regularly do you look yourself in a mirror and envision how great you would look in the event that you shed ten pounds? It is either that your butt is too large or excessively little, or your midsection is excessively thick, your legs look like tree trunks, or your nose is excessively high or level, your eyes are excessively little or your skin is sleek and the rundown appears to be perpetual. The heroin chic is on pattern, where an individual is too thin she hopes to be engaged with heroin misuse. As of late, a multi year elderly person Luisa Ramos passed on of cardiovascular breakdown from Anorexia Nervosa. On-screen characters and models are getting more youthful, more slender and taller. Media realizes that we have low confidence so they assault us, ladies everything being equal. Numerous ladies paying little heed to nationality or age contain negative self -perception and in the event that they don't create more beneficial self-perception, they will endure truly and inwardly. How awful is our negative self-perception? During youth, we grow up, taking a gander at Barbie dolls, which is excessively thin in size that on the off chance that she were made into living individual, her back would be too frail to even think about supporting her chest area, and her body would be too limited to even think about containing just than half of a liver and just a couple of centimeters of inside. At the point when we develop more seasoned, we watch cosmetics and magnificence item promotions that contain models that are seriously underweight. Studies have indicated that 81% of ladies in Canada feel restless and uncertain subsequent to viewing a 30 second ad advancing excellence enhancement for TV. (Wellbeing edu) Initially, our negative self-perception makes us feel that we are greater in size than the real world. An investigation found that ladies overestimate the size of their hips by 16% and their midsections by 25% yet they were accurately ready to gauge the size of a case. (Nancy Hayssen blog-Shocking self-perception measurements) We imagine that our body is fatter than it really is, on the grounds that we feel discouraged when contrasting our ‘normal’ body with ‘fake’ pictures in media. Besides, containing unfortunate self-perception causes us to have superfluous dread of putting on weight. Ongoing investigation expressed that little youngsters are more scared of getting fat than encountering atomic war, malignant growth or in any event, losing their folks. (Health Edu) It is alarming to see that media’s impact even applies to ladies in such youthful age. In conclusion, having an undesirable self-perception will cause ladies and even men to burn through mind blowing measure of time fitting into the ‘ideal’ body. Two out of five ladies and one out of five men would exchange as long as five years of their lives to accomplish their weight objectives. (Wellnessbeing-edu) Also, the normal lady in North America go through 2.5 long stretches of her life washing, styling, trimming, shading, squeezing, and perplexing her hair at home or in salon. (120 Wolf, 1991) We become detainee of ideal body without acknowledging it. Bunches of us think it's anything but a serious deal. In any case, here’s the issue. Self-perception includes our observation, feelings, creative mind and physical sensations. Having negative self-perception harms these parts. Having negative self-perception will carry many negative impacts to ladies. Right off the bat, it will prompt misery or lower confidence. Feeling uncertain and less certain, ladies are bound to accept or fall in for the overstated commercial appeared in media. They will see artificially glamorized models or big names who has experienced a few restorative medical procedures, and feel embarrassed about their own body. Ladies will encounter monetary harm from going through bunches of cash into makeup, garments, diet items, and even corrective medical procedures. The eating routine industry itself is worth between 40 to 100 billion dollars every year just selling transitory get-healthy plans! (Individuals magazine Sept.2000) Secondly, undesirable self-percep tion will prompt Eating issue or unfortunate propensities. One of four ladies in mid 20s in North America utilizes unfortunate techniques for weight control like fasting, skipping suppers, unreasonable exercise, purgative maltreatment, and self-instigated vomiting.(American inquire about gathering Anorexia Nervosa& related Eating Disorders Inc.) The strain to be dainty isn't just influencing more established ladies however little youngsters as youthful down to 5 or 6. About portion of all young ladies wish to be more slender. (â€Å"Appearance Culture in Nine-to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction†) Last, however not least, ladies could create scatters like Anorexia Nervosa. Anorexia is where an individual has outrageous dread of putting on weight, and ladies with this issue trust themselves to be overweight when they are quite underweight to where they need hospitalization. Up to 450,000 Canadian ladies were influenced by Anorexia Nervosa or extraordinary dietary issue in 2006. (Teenager Vogue 2006) Many ladies if not all, for the most part imagine that agonizing a little over their wellbeing is certainly not a serious deal or something worth being thankful for. However, they don’t even acknowledge how serious their stressing has become. It has gotten serious to where they lose their character. On the off chance that you as a lady don't quit having unfortunate self-perception, it will prompt despondent life. So how would we not have negative self-perception? It appears to be so difficult to simply give up and be free. Women’s greatest concern and greatest intrigue is magnificence. There are bunches of approaches to keep you sound, however liberated from weight, and remain wonderful yet have positive self-perception. In the first place, you have to acknowledge individuals all things considered and shapes. (Margo Maine’s book â€Å"Body Wars,†) You can even cause a rundown of individuals that you to appreciate paying little mind to their body. Does their external appearance influence how you feel about them? Valuing the individuals around you will assist you with valuing yourself. Furthermore, another approach to abstaining from having negative self-perception is to address Media’s messages. (What Do You See When You Look in the Mirror?, Thomas F. Money, Ph.D., Bantam Books, New York, 1995.) Media is an amazing source that could impact ladies. 96% of ordinary la dies in Canada don't coordinate to the models and on-screen characters appeared in the media. Normal model is 5’10† with weight of 110 pounds, while the normal lady is 5’4†³ with weight of 142 pounds. Ladies ought to recollect that the greater part of the pictures introduced have experienced Photoshop or have been digitally embellished. They additionally need to discover that media isn't hundred percent legit to the real world. Ultimately, ladies today need to figure out how to tune in to their body, not misuse it. They ought to eat when they are ravenous. Remaining fit in the most advantageous manner is to eat when you feel hunger, and to practice in a charming way, paying little mind to pressure, or strain to get more fit. While tuning in to their body ladies ought to likewise pose themselves this inquiry: Would I rather invest my valuable energy with my family, companions, on school, and on profession? Or on the other hand would I spend it on seeking after the â€Å"perfect body image†? I don’t figure anybody would surrender their qua lity time with family on for achieving lower weight objectives. These things will carry incredible advantages to your life. Today, in Canada, we have opportunity to achieve anything we desire to. However, ladies are detainees of excellence fantasy, and appearance. Negative self-perception is a major issue and effectsly affects women’s confidence and it can prompt sadness, just as a dietary issue or different issue like Anorexia Nervosa. It additionally makes ladies sit around on slims down, or improving their external excellence, and furthermore dread putting on weight more than anything. Medias impact us consistently, delivering enhanced with Photoshop models that are seriously underweight. Media makes ladies feel irate and on edge about their own body. Be that as it may, we can create more beneficial self-perception on the off chance that we value ourselves for what our identity is and tune in to our body. We lose heaps of ladies in Canada that starve themselves to death. Ladies need to figure out how to self esteem and regard their body as opposed to manhandling it. Our bodies are not our foes, and it is our duties to remain one of a kind and set our own pattern.

Fresh Ink August 27, 2013

Fresh Ink August 27, 2013 HARDBACK RELEASES The Returned by Jason Mott (Harlequin Mira) Harold and Lucille Hargraves lives have been both joyful and sorrowful in the decades since their only son, Jacob, died tragically at his eighth birthday party in 1966. In their old age theyve settled comfortably into life without him, their wounds tempered through the grace of time…. Until one day Jacob mysteriously appears on their doorstepâ€"flesh and blood, their sweet, precocious child, still eight years old. All over the world peoples loved ones are returning from beyond. No one knows how or why this is happening, whether its a miracle or a sign of the end. Not even Harold and Lucille can agree on whether the boy is real or a wondrous imitation, but one thing they know for sure: hes their son. As chaos erupts around the globe, the newly reunited Hargrave family finds itself at the center of a community on the brink of collapse, forced to navigate a mysterious new reality and a conflict that threatens to unravel the very meaning of what it is to be human. The Affairs of Others  by Amy Grace Loyd  (Picador) Five years after her young husbands death, Celia Cassill has moved from one Brooklyn neighborhood to another, but she has not moved on. The owner of a small apartment building, she has chosen her tenants for their ability to respect one anothers privacy. Celia believes in boundaries, solitude, that she has a right to her ghosts. She is determined to live a life at a remove from the chaos and competition of modern life. Everything changes with the arrival of a new tenant, Hope, a dazzling woman of a certain age on the run from her husbands recent betrayal. When Hope begins a torrid and noisy affair, and another tenant mysteriously disappears, the carefully constructed walls of Celias world are tested and the sanctity of her building is shattered-through violence and sex, in turns tender and dark. Ultimately, Celia and her tenants are forced to abandon their separate spaces for a far more intimate one, leading to a surprising conclusion and the promise of genuine joy. Two Boys Kissing  by David Leviathan  (Knopf Books for Young Readers) New York Times  bestselling author David Levithan tells the based-on-true-events story of Harry and Craig, two 17-year-olds who are about to take part in a 32-hour marathon of kissing to set a new Guinness World Record-all of which is narrated by a Greek Chorus of the generation of gay men lost to AIDS. While the two increasingly dehydrated and sleep-deprived boys are locking lips, they become a focal point in the lives of other teen boys dealing with languishing long-term relationships, coming out, navigating gender identity, and falling deeper into the digital rabbit hole of gay hookup sites-all while the kissing former couple tries to figure out their own feelings for each other. This follow-up to the bestselling  Every Day  showcases Davids trademark sharp-witted, warm-hearted tales of teenage love, and serves as a perfect thematic bookend to Davids YA debut and breakthrough,  Boy Meets Boy,  which celebrates its 10th anniversary in 2013. Love in the Time of Global Warming  by Francesca Lia Block  (Henry Holt and Co BYR) eventeen-year-old Penelope (Pen) has lost everythingâ€"her home, her parents, and her ten-year-old brother. Like a female Odysseus in search of home, she navigates a dark world full of strange creatures, gathers companions and loses them, finds love and loses it, and faces her mortal enemy. In her signature style, Francesca Lia Block has created a world that is beautiful in its destruction and as frightening as it is lovely. At the helm is Pen, a strong heroine who holds hope and love in her hands and refuses to be defeated. Mud Season  by Ellen Stimson  (Countryman Press) In self-deprecating and hilarious fashion, Mud Season chronicles Stimson’s transition from city life to rickety Vermont farmhouse. When she decides she wants to own and operate the old-fashioned village store in idyllic Dorset, pop. 2,036, one of the oldest continually operating country stores in the country, she learns the hard way that “improvements” are not always welcomed warmly by folks who like things just fine the way they’d always been. She dreams of patrons streaming in for fresh-made sandwiches and an old-timey candy counter, but she learns they’re boycotting the store. Why? “The bread,” they tell her, “you moved the bread from where it used to be.” Can the citified newcomer turn the tide of mistrust before she ruins the business altogether?  Follow the author to her wit’s end and back, through her full immersion into rural lifeâ€"swapping high heels for muck boots; raising chickens and sheep; fighting off skunks, foxes, and bears; and making a few frien ds and allies in a tiny town steeped in history, local tradition, and that dyed-in-the-wool Vermont “character.” The Treasure of Way Down Deep  by Ruth White  (Farrar, Straus and Giroux BYR) When Ruby Jolene Hurley sees the shadow of her dead pet goat Jethro dancing on his grave, thats the first hint that something strange is going on in Way Down Deep. Then on Halloween night, Miss Arbutus senses an evil wind blowing into town, and bad things start to happen. The coal mine shuts down, one hundred men lose their jobs, and all of Way Down feels the pinch. Ruby thinks the answer to their problems is the treasure that Archibald Ward, the towns founder, supposedly buried more than two hundred years ago. Most people say the treasure is just a myth, but Ruby is determined to prove the naysayers wrong and save the day. Billy Moon  by Douglas Lain  (Tor Books) Billy Moon was Christopher Robin Milne, the son of A. A. Milne, the world-famous author of  Winnie the Poohand other beloved childrens classics. Billys life was no fairy-tale, though. Being the son of a famous author meant being ignored and even mistreated by famous parents; he had to make his own way in the world, define himself, and reconcile his self-image with the image of him known to millions of children. A veteran of World War II, a husband and father, he is jolted out of midlife ennui when a French college student revolutionary asks him to come to the chaos of Paris in revolt. Against a backdrop of the apocalyptic student protests and general strike that forced France to a standstill that spring, Milnes new French friend is a wild card, able to experience alternate realities of the past and present. Through him, Milnes life is illuminated and transformed, as are the world-altering events of that year. The Infinite Moment of Us  by Lauren Myracle  (Amulet Books) For as long as she can remember, Wren Grays goal has been to please her parents. But as high school graduation nears, so does an uncomfortable realization: Pleasing her parents once overlapped with pleasing herself, but now not so much. Wren needs to honor her own desires, but how can she if she doesnt even know what they are? Charlie Parker, on the other hand, is painfully aware of his hearts desire. A gentle boy with a troubled past, Charlie has loved Wren since the day he first saw her. But a girl like Wren would never fall for a guy like Charlie-at least not the sort of guy Charlie believes himself to be.  And yet certain things are written in the stars. And in the summer after high school, Wren and Charlies souls will collide. But souls are complicated, as are the bodies that house them . . . PAPERBACK RELEASES   NW  by Zadie Smith  (Penguin Books) Set in northwest London, Zadie Smith’s brilliant tragicomic novel follows four localsâ€"Leah, Natalie, Fox, and Nathanâ€"as they try to make adult lives outside of Caldwell, the council estate of their childhood. In private houses and public parks, at work and at play, these Londoners inhabit a complicated place, as beautiful as it is brutal, where the thoroughfares hide the back alleys and taking the high road can sometimes lead you to a dead end. Depicting the modern urban zoneâ€"familiar to city-dwellers everywhereâ€"NW  is a quietly devastating novel of encounters, mercurial and vital, like the city itself. A Monster Calls  by Patrick Ness  (Candlewick) At seven minutes past midnight, thirteen-year-old Conor wakes to find a monster outside his bedroom window. But it isnt the monster Conors been expecting-hes been expecting the one from his nightmare, the nightmare hes had nearly every night since his mother started her treatments. The monster in his backyard is different. Its ancient. And wild. And it wants something from Conor. Something terrible and dangerous. It wants the truth. From the final idea of award-winning author Siobhan Dowd-whose premature death from cancer prevented her from writing it herself-Patrick Ness has spun a haunting and darkly funny novel of mischief, loss, and monsters both real and imagined. A Working Theory of Love  by Scott Hutchins  (Penguin Books) Before his brief marriage imploded, Neill Bassett took a job feeding data into what could be the world’s first sentient computer. Only his attempt to give it languageâ€"through the journals his father left behind after committing suicideâ€"has unexpected consequences. Amidst this turmoil, Neill meets Rachel, a naïve young woman escaping a troubled past, and finds himself unexpectedly drawn to her and the possibilities she holds. But as everything he thought about the past becomes uncertain, every move forward feels impossible. Pirate Cinema  by Cory Doctorow  (Tor Teen) Trent McCauley is sixteen, brilliant, and obsessed with one thing: making movies on his computer by reassembling footage from popular films he downloads from the Net. In the dystopian near-future Britain where Trent is growing up, this is more illegal than ever; the punishment for being caught three times is that your entire household’s access to the Internet is cut off for a year, with no appeal.  Trents too clever for that to happen. Except it does, and it nearly destroys his family. Shamed and shattered, Trent runs away to London, where he slowly  learns the ways of staying alive on the streets. This brings him in touch with a demimonde of artists and activists who are trying to fight a new bill that will criminalize even more harmless internet creativity, making felons of millions of British citizens at a single stroke.  Things look bad. Parliament is subject to the demands of a few wealthy media conglomerates. But the powers-that-be haven’t entirely reckoned with the power o f a gripping movie to change people’s minds…. Escape Velocity by Charles Portis (Overlook TP) Though Charles Portis is best known for his fiction writing, he is also a prolific essayist, travel writer, and newspaper reporter. Collected here in  Escape Velocity, edited by Jay Jennings, is his miscellany journalism, short fiction, memoir, and even the play  Delrays New Moon, published for the first time in this volume. Portis covers topics as varied as the civil rights movement, road tripping in Baja, and Elvis s visits to his aging mother for publications such as the  New York Herald Tribune  and  Saturday Evening Post. Fans of Portiss droll Southern humor and quirky characters will be thrilled at this new addition to his library, and those not yet familiar with his work will find a great introduction to him here. Also included are tributes by accomplished authors including Donna Tartt and Ron Rosenbaum. Days in the History of Silence  by Marethe Lindstrom  (Other Press) Eva and Simon have spent most of their adult lives together. He is a physician and she is a teacher, and they have three grown daughters and a comfortable home. Yet what binds them together isnt only affection and solidarity but also the painful facts of their respective histories, which they keep hidden even from their own children. But after the abrupt dismissal of their housekeeper and Simons increasing withdrawal into himself, the past can no longer be repressed. A Dog in Water  by Kazuhiro Kiuchi  (Vertical) Until pain, memory, resignation and fury are all subsumed by the one possible conclusion, a thing or two may just be worth doing. Thus a nameless former cop who should never have become a private detective awaits clients in a dingy office across the street from a Chinese restaurant. Impeccably paced and snappily told, even when the truth grows murky, hard-boiled has never come as smooth and pure as in this choice distillation by way of Tokyo, Japan. Warning: No dogs, cute or otherwise, appear in this novel, in or out of water. Ostrich  by Matt Greene  (Ballantine Books) Twelve-year-old Alex has a lot of the same concerns most of us do growing up (exams, puberty and whether his parents might be on the brink of divorce). Hes also got some curious obsessions: punctuation, quantum mechanics, making lists of Things to Google. And ever since the brain surgery that was supposed to stop his seizures, hes noticed that the people around him are behaving suspiciously, from his parents to his beloved hamster Jaws II. Eventually, he is compelled to investigate, enlisting a female classmate as the Watson to his Holmes, and on the eve of his English Composition exam, his sleuthing takes him to the door of his mothers home-made dark room. But will Alex have the courage to expose what lies inside? Or would it be better for everyone if he just buried his head in the sand? _____________________________ Sign up for our newsletter  to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis,  follow us on Twitter,  like us  on Facebook,  and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in  iTunes  or via  RSS.  So much bookish goodnessâ€"all day, every day.

The Cost Of Real Money - 1690 Words

However, with the LM curve moving to bring the economy to full employment, it seems impossible, in this case, to have sustained price rises (i.e. inflation) as the monetary side seems to close off the story entirely. One could subsequently argue that, as real wages (w/p) declined in the process, then workers would try to bid their money wages back up and thus regenerate the gap. However, recall that from the four-quadrant IS-LM diagram (our earlier Figure 4), when IS-LM centers on the full employment output level so that Y* = YF, then the labor market clears and thus there are apparently no inherent dynamics to imply a rise in wages. If anything, a Pigou Effect arising from the fall in real money balances ought to push the IS curve to the left and actually generate unemployment so the implied dynamic might actually be a fall in money wages (of course, in the process of the original adjustment, IS and LM could move concurrently to the left and land at YF together, but then we are back to a full-employment centered equilibrium). In short, in an IS-LM context, we can obtain price rises but, at least within the confines of the model, we cannot obtain continuous inflation unless aggregate demand rises again for some reason - and there is no apparent reason why it will do so. The problem, of course, returns to the old issue of what happens in that mysterious labor market which was so murky in the Hicks-Modigliani IS-LM world. The Keynes-Smithies story has workers bargaining forShow MoreRelatedExplain the Post-Keynesian Transaction Demand for Money and Discuss the Effect That the Distribution of Income Will Have on the Determination of the Demand for Real Balances1690 Words   |  7 Pages. At the time of writing Keynes’ approach to the demand for money was radical. However, The General Theory received much criticism and lead other economists to try and justify Keynes’ findings, particularly in respect to the inverse relationship between the interest rate and the demand for money. Of these, the most widely quoted model is the Baumol/Tobin inventory-theoretic-model developed separately by William Baumol (1952) and James Tobin (1956) resulting in similar conclusions. They are oftenRead MoreWhy Should Before Enrolling A Real Estate Investment Education And / Or Coaching Program? Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesIn A Real Estate Investment Education And/Or Coaching Program By Mich Phelps | Submitted On April 27, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest If you are like me, then you have an interest in real estateRead MoreEssay On Real Estate924 Words   |  4 PagesReal Estate Terms Every First Time Buyer Needs to Know So, you’re ready to buy your first house. Little did you know, there’s a whole new language you need to learn during the process! Real estate has many different terms, phrases, and acronyms that every first-time buyer needs to familiarize themselves with before they jump into the market. Don’t worry, the experts here at The Degnan Group are here to explain the most common real estate terms that every first time-buyer needs to know. EscrowRead MoreEssay about Eco 561 Final Exam Free1423 Words   |  6 PagesECO 561 Final Exam w/ corrected answers 1) Suppose that in the clothing market, production costs have fallen, but the equilibrium price and quantity purchased have both increased. Based on this information you can conclude that A. the supply of clothing has grown faster than the demand for clothing [B. demand for clothing has grown faster than the supply of clothing] C. the supply of and demand for clothing have grown by the same proportion D. there is no way to determine what hasRead MoreCrosswell at the Brazilian Market664 Words   |  3 PagesLeonardo Sousa that would enable them to hit the target of R$83.00 per case of diapers? To reduce costs and reach a competitive price in the Brazilian market, Material Hospitalar should get 180-day credit from Crosswell International and then be able to sell the product and collect the sales money in 30 days. At this point, Material Hospitalar will invest the money in the high-yielding Real-denominated deposit rates. They will deposit the cash proceeds for 60 days at 9.25% and then again depositRead MoreMonetary Policy Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pagessociety. There are many factors that operate in, and govern our society’s economical structure. Factors such as scarcity and choice, opportunity cost, marginal analysis, microeconomics, macroeconomics, factors of production, production possibilities, law of increasing opportunity cost, economic systems, circular flow model, money, and economic costs and profits all contribute to what is known as the economy. These properties as well as a few others, work together to influence the economy. MicroeconomicsRead Mor e To What Extent is Inflation a serious Economic Problem Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages However, although inflation is a useful measure for the government, as they can see how the general price level affects other economic factors, it still is considered to be a problem. The higher the rate of inflation the greater the economic cost is what economists see and the reasons for this follow. Stable prices give the consumer a general idea of what a fair price is for a product and which suppliers charge the least for them. With inflation being high, both the consumers and competitiveRead MoreEssay about Macroeconomics Assignment Chapters 1 and 21122 Words   |  5 Pagesgoods detrimental to people’s health (tobacco, alcohol, etc.) be increased in exchange for a decrease in other taxes (property, income, etc)? 2. Define in your own words and use examples to illustrate:    a. 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Rhetorical Devices Of `` We Wear The Mask `` And `` Harlem ``

In literature, rhetorical devices are primarily used to convey a particular feeling or action to the reader. Through the use of rhetorical devices such as imagery, description, and metaphorical allusion, the author gives the reader the ability to connect with the text on a more intimate level that otherwise would not have been achieved without the use of them. Subsequently, Harlem Renaissance writers such as Paul Lawrence Dunbar and Langston Hughes employed the rhetorical devices of imagery, description and metaphorical allusion to convey the egregious realities of the black experience in the United States during the early twentieth century. In writings such as, â€Å"We Wear the Mask† by Paul Lawrence Dunbar and â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes, the use of rhetorical devices gives each writer the ability to provide commentary on the social, economic, and political circumstances that African-Americans faced in inner-city Harlem during the turn of the twentieth century. In â€Å"We Wear the Mask†, Dunbar primarily employs the rhetorical device of metaphorical allusion to give the reader a sense of how African-Americans navigated socially in a traditionally white supremacist, patriarchal society. He begins his poem, with â€Å"We wear the mask that grins and lies, it hides are cheeks and shades our eyes† (Dunbar, â€Å"We Wear the Mask†). Here, he employs the use of the mask to elaborate on the â€Å"double-consciousness† that African-Americans had to exhibit in order to function during that tumultuous

Agile V. Waterfall Free Essays

Waterfall to Agile References Pavolka, R. , Mount, V. , Neymeyr, A. We will write a custom essay sample on Agile V. Waterfall or any similar topic only for you Order Now , Rhodes, C. From Waterfall to Rapid Prototyping (2005). Supporting Enterprise-wide Adoption of the Oncourse Collaboration and Learning (CL) Environment at Indiana University. SIGUCCS ’05 Proceedings of 33rd Annual ACM SIGUCCS Fall Conference, 312 – 319. Northrop, Robert (2004). The Fall of Waterfall. Intelligent Enterprise 7. 3, 40-41. Adams, John (2013). Change in Software Techniques Helps FHLB Reduce Defects. American Banker, Technology Section, Volume 178 No. 3. I. Agile v. Waterfall Agile Development Methods (Agile) and the Waterfall Method (Waterfall) are two different styles of designing and managing the Soft Development Life-Cycle (SDLC) within an organization. Waterfall being the more traditional approach and Agile newly born just twelve years ago, there is much debate over which approach works best and when. Companies have used Waterfall for decades of successful projects and in most companies the approach has been ingrained into the very fabric of the compa ny. The organization of teams and human resources in information technology (IT) can be anywhere from loosely to entirely based on the method that the organization is using. More and more organizations are starting to see the advantages of Agile now and are questioning older methods almost entirely because of the fast-paced business world of the twenty-first century. Agile allows an organization to respond to that change more quickly without sacrificing quality work or customer satisfaction. Waterfall, on the other hand, with its precise planning can offer better time management and money savings. In a fast-paced society where the time it takes to bring a product to market could mean the difference between success and failure, Agile is making its way into more and more organizations everyday. And, everyday more and more of these organizations are struggling with the change that is required to adopt Agile methods as well as the woes that this fast-paced development style introduce to the organization. II. What is Waterfall Waterfall is the classical system development model. The model of software development hones its ideas from the manufacturing world. It is based on a step-by-step approach to creating products from the conceptual phase to implementation and maintenance. Waterfall focuses its development strategy on the distinct phases of a project: concept, design, implementation, testing, installation, and maintenance. In larger organizations and on larger scale projects these phases of production are often handled by different people and even different teams. Using Waterfall, the concept phase of a project tends to be the single most important phase. This is the step during which the development team gathers and analyses its customer’s needs and documents the problem that the software solution is expected to solve. The documentation and analysis needs to be precise, in depth and even flawless because once the phase is complete there is no turning back—modifications to a project, no matter what phase its in when the modification or change order is received, require that the project fall back to the concept phase. While several techniques such as use cases and customer interviews are used to gather this information the results of the analysis and requirements gathering that are carried out in this phase are typically relayed to the next phase in the form of a formal document. This document serves as the sole resource for the team who handles the second phase: design. Design entails actually making determinations as to exactly how a team intends to in later phases execute the solution. This is when platforms, programming languages, data storage methodology, equipment types, standards and graphical user interface decisions are made. Design also entails other high-level project decisions on ideas such as how security will be handled and resource management. The design step delivers its decisions on these matters, commonly know as the design specifications to the third phase: implementation. Implementation is very simply put the execution of the requirements in the design specifications document. During this phase, developers actually write the code that makes the software system work. Hardware specialists similarly setup the equipment and hardware that are necessary for the solution. The application is developed, debugged and tested against the design document and once it passes muster, the product is handed off to the next phase: testing. Testing is often handled by a quality assurance team. The team upon taking delivery of the product refers back to the documents created during conception and ensures that all of the requirements are satisfied by the solution. This team documents the project and uses business cases or test cases to determine whether the solution actually is the complete solution and whether or not it actually works in its entirety. This team generally hands off the functioning solution, its documentation and a user manual to the next phase: installation. An installation or delivery team then hands the product over to the customer. This team also often provides formal training to the end-user. Delivery is followed by maintenance. Maintenance of a product usually includes end-user support, debugging of system flaws that are discovered after delivery, and change requests. If Waterfall is executed to the letter of its design, there will be no overlap between the separate phases of the project. Clearly defined timelines for each step are known at the onset of the project and serve as milestones for progress during development. The requirements in a well executed Waterfall project will be so very detailed of point driven that little time is wasted in later phases on things like re-writing blocks of code or back-and-forth’s that question ambiguity in understanding on the developers part. It is a tried and true and has advantages such as minimal wasted time and easy handover—handover of the project or a part of a project in waterfall can be a very smooth process because of all of the documentation that is produced in the analysis and design phases of the project. The documentation can even smooth over team-member attrition. III. What is Agile Agile Software Development is an umbrella for a particular style of development methods that focus on self-organization or cross-functional teams to develop smaller packages of a product more quickly than has been traditionally done. The basis for all of these methods is The Agile Manifesto (www. agilemanifesto. org). The author of the manifesto argues that working software, delivered in small packages, delivered in shorter timeframes (weeks not months) by teams who are self-organized and able to communicate freely throughout the process with both the customer and other stakeholders can respond to change and deliver a more effective approach to software development in the volatile business world today. The manifesto declares that individuals and interactions are more important than processes and that following a design document is not as necessary as having the ability to change quickly. Agile’s focus is on a rhythmic continuity in the lifecycle of a project. The packages that are delivered tend to be broken down into timeframes as small as a week and generally not more than four weeks long. Customers receive working software continuously and the project is more of a living, breathing software that can overtime change to meet the needs of a rapidly changing marketplace. Agile teams meet frequently, as often as daily to discuss status and approach. Teams focus on reusing code blocks and making decisions about platforms and languages as necessary and with a better chance that standards and new technologies won’t change or become outdated before delivery takes place. IV. Which is the better way? The question so many teams and organizations are debating regularly these days is ‘which is better Agile or Waterfall? ’. Both Waterfall and Agile offer benefits and shortcomings and neither can be called universally better or universally out-of-date. The decision must be made based on each organization’s and each project’s circumstances. Team size can be a significant factor. Waterfall methodology is hard to manage with a small team. Waterfall relies on division of responsibilities and in very small teams this may result in an overwhelming workload for team members. Time to market with Waterfall; however, is longer whereas Agile methods can get product to market quicker so if time is a very high priority Agile may be the methodology to use. Indiana University documented a case in which its own IT Training and Education (ITTE) department underwent the change from its previous standard Waterfall approach to an Agile methodology. The team started questioning its approach to development of training materials first when its materials started becoming obsolete before they were even delivered. The team found itself being tasked to develop and deliver training materials for a product that it saw as a â€Å"moving target†. It quickly became clear that the old Waterfall methodology would not work given the rapidly changing requirements. The situation required more constant contact with the stakeholders and that the team be able to deliver consistently changing and updated training materials as the system it was training on was an ever-changing system itself. ITTE faced problems in the transition. One such hurdle was changing the mindset of its customer. The team’s customer had grown used to having ITTE deliver large Waterfall sized training packages on static, tried and true, well planned, designed, thought-out and fully-functional software systems. The overhaul of it Course Management System (CMS) was, however, being updated constantly and the customer often expressed feeling of being Beta Testers rather than end users. In addition, ITTE’s own team members struggled with the behavioral changes that were necessary to adapt in order to make a more Agile model of development work for the team. Communications amongst team members, for example, became more necessary on a more frequent basis. The team also faced the task of training users on a system that was not fully functional. Users were, at times, resistant to the change themselves and found confusion in the fact that incomplete software was being delivered. The users were as accustomed to receiving fully functional systems and training as the ITTE team was used to delivering. ITTE also soon learned it necessary to assign team members exclusively to this project. In the past, the team’s Waterfall approach had allowed resources to be more spread out, whereas with the new Agile approach team members were so consistently involved with the living project that they were necessarily exclusively assigned to the CMS project. With all of the challenges that it faced, ITTE concluded that the change in methodology improved its reputation with the customer. More frequent face time and feedback response made the customer happier. It also concluded that, as a team, ITTE was able to produce more products cheaper, faster and more efficiently using its new approach to the SDLC. A single case, however, can’t be used to make a determination for the next company facing this decision. The fact is the right approach to software development is the approach that works best on a case-by-case basis. While Waterfall may still be the best approach for fixed-price, fixed-scope, short-term projects, Agile may be better suited to a project where the scope is expected to creep because of a changing marketplace. And there are teams that have even begun applying Agile methodologies to a Waterfall approach and vice versa. So perhaps the appropriate approach for an organization is to not decide on one or the other for the organization but to embrace both Agile and Waterfall methodologies and to learn to apply each appropriately. How to cite Agile V. Waterfall, Essay examples

Racism in The Kite Runner Essay Example

Racism in The Kite Runner Paper In Khaled Hosseini’s world-renowned novel The Kite Runner, Hosseini tells the story of a young Afghani boy , Amir, and the trials that he must go through to learn who he is. Hosseini uses the narrator of Amir to bring to light not only the devastation that has befallen Afghanistan but to also incorporate universal themes that , no matter who you are, anyone can relate to. Hosseini exemplifies multiple themes throughout his work; however, the theme of racism plays a vital role in the characterization of the characters, but it also plays a major role in the lessonsthat readers can learn from The Kite Runner shown through the Hazaras’ battle with discrimination, Baba’s hatred of Russians, and through the radical ideology of the Taliban. The primary conflict of racism in the novel is against the Hazara, who practice Shia Islam. The dominant group is the Pashtuns who practice Sunni Islam. Some characters call Amirs childhood friend Hassan a mice-eating, flat-nosed, load-carrying donkey. The Hazara are immediately identifiable, as they are thought to have stereotypically Mongoloid physical traits. Amir thinks of Hassan as just a Hazara more than once, even though Hassan is the only real friend he has in the story. Baba has a similar relationship with Ali, Hassans father. Amirs grandfather adopted Ali as his own son, and Babas brother, but his role is always as a servant. We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in The Kite Runner specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in The Kite Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Racism in The Kite Runner specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Amir and his father use the division between Pashtun and Hazara to oppress them in the most insidious of ways, as they pretend to be close to Hassan and Ali, while keeping them at an arm’s distance as servants. When Amir and his wife adopt Hasaans son Sohrab, his father-in-law protests, I have to deal with the communitys perception of our family. People will ask. They will want to know why theres a Hazara boy living with our daughter. What do I tell them? In some sense, the persecution is a prevalent theme all the way through t